Gua Sha involves repeated pressured strokes over lubricated skin with a smooth edge. A ceramic Chinese soup spoon, well worn coin, honed animal bones, water buffalo horn, or jade are the tools most commonly used to perform this technique. As a result of each technique, some superficial painless bruising may occur. These techniques are used to treat a variety of illnesses, reduce fever, muscle tension and pain, promote blood circulation, and improve the efficiency of the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste.